The control loop is very complicated: brain to nerves to muscles to joints to pedal to cable to engine to engine speed to brain via ears, accompanied by muscle spindles, stretch receptors, pressure receptors and occasional glances at the rev counter. And then add the time lags. And increasing the damping can often reduce instability in the loop. So the emery paper is fascinating and I've often suggested pressing the knee against a side panel. Increasing the force of the throttle spring could make it either better or worse. It's one of those skills that you chunk down to not needing conscious effort once you've mastered it. Which makes it fascinating when you try and learn a new version: low speed manoeuvring of my Vespa, steering a motor boat (have a look back at your wake!), holding altitude in an aircraft, or trying to hover a helicopter, where any movement of one control seems to need correction with two others. And often infuriating for an unskilled teacher who can't understand why the student just can't do it. Offspring's clutch control, anyone? Jonathan