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Radiators - Why Are They Silver?


Felix E

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I seem to remember from Physics lessons that black bodies radiate heat far more efficiently than any other colour, so would it improve engine cooling to spray the radiator with a high temperature black paint?

Just a thought for a wet Wednesday afternoon.

 

Best Regards,

 

Felix.

 

 

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Most brass ones are black, most alloy ones are silver being the colour of the aloy.A brass rad that has not been sprayed looks very messy with all the solder on it, hence it is coloured black which shows a lot less dirt.

 

Support the 7 Society...... Ehhh?

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I hadn't realised there was "radiator paint" on the market. Any paint will be an insulating layer and will make the radiator less effective. Sounds like "radiator paint" might be a specialist product - I would hope such a specialist product would produce a thin film and have reasonable conductivity.

 

The key thing here is that "radiators" disperse heat using forced convection predominantly. Radiation is very much a secondary effect.

 

The Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation can tell us how much energy is dissipated by radiation, if we make a bunch of assumptions.

H = esAT^4

 

e = emissivity (0-1)

s = Stefan-Boltzmann constant

= 5.67 x 10-8 J/(s.m^2.K^4)

A = surface area of object

T = Kelvin temperature

 

Presume black body emissivity of 1.

Presume all radiation goes to front and rear of the radiator

Ignore all the surface area of the intricate bits of the core, because in radiation terms they cancel out

Presume a surface area of 400mm x 500mm x 2

Presume ambient temperature of 17 degC to the front of the radiator (290 K)

Presume an engine bay temperature of ~40degC average for most of the radiating items (bit of a fudge, but it will do)

Presume something about the temperature distribution across the radiator core - only at standstill will it all be hot which will give us a high bracketing figure. 90degC all the way across the radiator.

 

Hout= 1 x 5.67 x 10^-8 x .4 x .5 x 2 x 363^4 = 394 J/s

 

The radiation received from surroundings to the front of the radiator given my assumptions is:

 

Hinf= 1 x 5.67 x 10^-8 x .4 x .5 x 290^4 = 80J/s

 

The radiation received from the engine bay to the rear of the radiator given my assumptions is:

 

Hinf= 1 x 5.67 x 10^-8 x .4 x .5 x 313^4 = 109J/s

 

Therefore the net heat lost by radiation is... wait for it...394-80-109 = 205 J/s unless I've got my sums wrong. That is a miniscule quarter horsepower being dissipated. Think about making a vacuum flask out of a radiator and you'll see how the numbers might stack up - remember that this is an upper bracketing figure.

 

Now the actual heat dissipated can be worked out from the power output of the engine and typical thermal efficiency. At a compression ratio of 10.5:1 the Otto cycle (4 stroke spark ignition) is about 61% thermally efficient, so for every 61bhp you get 39 horsepower rejected as heat - a lot of it goes out of the exhaust. The majority of the rest of it is handled by the radiator. The radiator has to dissipate tens of horespower; the maximum contribution that radiation makes is to dissipate 0.27 horespower.

 

Therefore all the bulk of the work done by a radiator is done by forced convection - don't paint a radiator if you can help it.

 

 

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The emissivity of aluminium depends very much on its surface condition. Polished aluminium has a very low emissivity - typically 0.05. Roughened or anodized aluminium has an emissivity of ~0.2-0.3. Using my previous calcs, this means that the actual radiated heat from my Seven radiator is one sixteenth of a horsepower.

And just to make life complicated...

 

...matt black paint has a typical emissivity of 0.5-0.8

 

So you are only looking at getting rid of an extra sixteenth of a horsepower or so with matt black paint.

 

And to make it really confusing, white paint has an IR emissivity of ~0.97 - i.e. it is almost BLACK in radiation terms!!!

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The conclusion Peter correctly draws has produced a significant sift in radiator design over the years. How did they become to be called radiators? Heat exchangers is what they are.

The old honeycomb or cellular construction looked good but suffered from the important heat transfer problem of a metal/air : metal/water ratio of about unity. Modern radiators are covered by grills and are designed to have turbuent airflow and as efficient as possible heat transfer. Aluminium is not easy to work in thin section and high temperature because it tends to anneal so ali 'radiators' tend to be an interesting compromise of surface area and mass

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Peter C: The radiator paint I mentioned was in response to Ferrino's problem of painting a radiator that had flaking paint and his concern about clogging up the spaces between the fins. The radiator paint here that I used was thinner than regular paint and was heat resistant. Don't know anything about heat transfer. *confused*

 

Ken Sailor

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